Flush bowl structure



y 10,1933! D. w. McNElL 2,116,528

FLUSH BOWL STRUCTURE Filed Jan. 12. 1935 2 Sheets-Sheet l May 10, 1938.I 0, w, McNEIL 2,116, 2

FLUSH BOWL'STRUCTURE Filed Jan. 12, 1935 2 Sheet -Sheet 2 Patented May10, 1938 2,116,528

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE FLUSH BOWL STRUCTURE Daniel W. McNeil,Cincinnati, Ohio, assignor to The John Douglas Company, Cincinnati,Ohio, a corporation of Ohio Application January 12, 1935, Serial No.1,517

12 Claims. (01. 4-70) This invention relates to a flush bowl, andparmosphere outside the bowl, to the end that backticularly to that typewhich has its flushing siphonage and resultant pollution of the freshmeans directly connected to a water main or supwater supply are renderedimpossible. ply pipe, without the intervention of a water The foregoingand other objects are attained storage compartment or gravity feed tank,there by the means described herein and disclosed in 5 being only a.valve interposed between the fiushthe accompanying drawings, in which:ing means of the bowl and the source of water Fig. 1 is a centrallongitudinal cross-sectional supply. Reference is made to my copendingap- View of a flush bowl embodying the present inplications, Serial756,491, filed Dec. '7, 1934 and vention.

Serial 75,336, filed April 20, 1936, the broader Fig. 2is an enlargedfragmental cross-sectional 10 claims to the invention being set forth insaid View taken on line 2-2 of Fig. 1. application, Serial 756,491. Theinstant applica- Fig. 3 is a view showing the rear or right hand tion isconcerned with specific improvements end of the Fig. 1 device, modifiedby the inclusion made over the disclosures in said copending apof aremovable spud element or nozzle.

, l5 plication Serial 756,491. Fig. 4 is a fragmental cross-sectionalview taken An object of the present invention is to provide on line 44of Fig. ,1. a flush bowl arrangement of the character above Fig. 5 is afragmental longitudinal cross-secreferred to, in which there is obviatedall possitional View of a wall-supported type of flush bowl bility ofcontamination of the fresh water supply embodying the invention.

90 by reason of a so-called back-siphonage action. Fig. 6 is afragmental cross-sectional View taken Another object of the invention isto accomon line 6--6 of Fig. 5.

plishthe above object by the use of simple means The present applicationis a continuation in which are nonmechanical, positive in action, andpart of my copending application Serial No. 756,- require nomaintenance. 491, filed December '7, 1934, wherefore reference Furtherobjects are to provide means for the properly may be made herein tocertain explapurpose stated, which do not wear out, require no nationsof custom and practice in the plumbing adjustments or periodic testingto determine the art as more fully set forth in said copending apworkingorder thereof, require no changes in explication. As explained in saidcopending apistin-g equipment when installed, and which safeplication,it is common practice to connect flush guard health and promotesanitation. bowls with a Water supply pipe or riser for sup- 30 Stillanother object of the invention is to proplying fresh flushing waterunder pressure to a vide a structure of the character stated, whereinsuitable hand-operated valve located convenientthe various ducts andports are so related and 1y relative to the bowl. In such installations,a proportioned that as much as a thirty inch vacshut-off valveordinarily is included in the supuum in the water supply line will notsuck polply pipe and located in the basement of the 35 luted water ormist back into said supply line, building. The fresh water supply pipeor riser and in which the amount of water fed into the supplies freshWater also to fixtures such as flushing rim is not so large as tointerfere with drinking fountains, wash bowls and other flush the properfunctioning of the jet stream. bowls located on floors intermediate thebase- Another object of the invention is to accomment and the floor uponwhich the flush bowl ilplish the above improvements without materiallylustrated herein is located. changing the design of the bowl and withoutin- Prior to the present invention, flush bowl concreasing the height ofthe rear portion thereof, structions permitted back-siphonage from theso that existing plumbing arrangements need not rim and/or trap uponapplication of a vacuum 5 be altered upon installation of the improveddeto the fresh water inlet, whether the waste pipe vice. was clogged ornot due to retreating air swiftly A further object of the invention isto provide passing the jet supply passage and carrying with means in aflush bowl whereby a relatively high it foul water from the bowl itself.The occurpressure of water is directed forcefully and rence of stoppagein the sewer connection or squarely to the jet of the bowl, while therim waste discharging outlet aggravated the condi- 50 flushing meansreceives an indirect low pressure tion, as the flush rim carried thefresh water supsupply of water resulting from restricting the ply andthere was established, at the time of overcarrying capacity of the jetpassage. This conflow, a definite cross-communication between thestruction permits safe and unrestricted commufresh water supply and thewaste pipe by way nication between the spud interior and the atof theflushing rim passages. In the event that the pressure of the fresh watersupply failed or diminished for any reason, or in the event of anemergency shut-off under the condition of stoppage referred to, then aback-siphonage of the polluted water into the fresh water supply wouldoccur. Under the conditions above set forth, a person drawing water froma drinking fountain or the like which may be connected to the supplyline or a branch pipe thereof, would drink the polluted water from theclogged flush bowl. The condition which has been described has actuallyoccurred at various times and has resulted in the pollution of the freshwater supply of large buildings, such as hotels, hospitals and ofiicebuildings, and on such occasions persons drinking such polluted watercontracted various diseases. It is accordingly made one of the objectsof the present invention to eliminate all possibility ofcrossconnections between the sewer or waste pipe and the fresh watersupply which might result from back-siphonage occurring in flush bowlsor other plumbing fixtures wherein such conditions may occur.

Prior to the present invention the problem was attacked by insertingmechanical means, such as check valves and the like, but those meanswere open to the objection that they required frequent inspection,testing and maintenance, possibly by careless or unskilled workmen, withthe result that at least a few fixtures were not in perfect workingorder at all times, thereby constituting a potential menace to thehealth of users of the fixtures. The means of the present invention maybe termed non-mechanical, as it includes no moving or adjustable partsand its proper operation is not dependent upon proper maintenance orperiodic inspection.

To avoid the possibility of conditions of filth and fresh watercontamination as referred to above, the present flush bowl has beendesigned in the following manner:

The bowl element l is constituted of the customary base part 9, thewaste discharge outlet or sewer connection In, a water trap l2,preferably of the goose neck variety, the jet l3, and a peripheralflushing rim M which in accordance with common practice, provides a seator a support for a seat or cover.

At one or both sides of the bowl element is provided a relief port oroverflow i5 which is so located as to conduct excess water from the bowlelement before the water level therein can reach the apertures it whichsupply fresh water to the bowl by way of the hollow peripheral rim. Theupper edge ll of the relief port or overflow is below the plane of theapertures of the flushing rim, so that a siphon break is provided in theevent of stoppage in the waste pipe. Any overflow of the polluted waterthrough the port or ports I 5 is directed onto the floor or perhaps intoa container located outside of the bowl element. The height of thepartition N3 of the water trap is so related to the other parts of thebowl as to maintain always a pre-determined normal level of water in thebowl element, said normal level being considerably below the top of eachoverflow port l5. Normally, the water level in the bowl stands severalinches below the top edge I! of the overflow port or ports. The opening[9 is the fresh water intake port which is customarily connected with ahand-operated valve (not shown), and said port may be of cup shape andprovided with a single constricted fresh water outlet opening or nozzleelement 29. The opening is quite definitely aligned with an intermediateport 2! which is formed in a transverse wall 22 of the bowl structure.The opening 2! preferably is slightly larger than the fresh water outlet20, so that a stream of water under pressure leaving the compartment isby way of the opening 20, will pass fully and unrestrictedly through theopening 2|. A third opening indicated at 23, is or constitutes the mouthof a jet supply passage 24-25, which latter conveys fresh flushing waterto the relatively small jet I 3 that initiates flow of the bowl contentfrom the bowl to the sewer or waste pipe. The fresh water supply passageformed by the elements 29, 2!, 23, 24, 25, 26 and I3, constitutes a highpressure flushing means whereby a swift and copious stream of flushingwater is directed forcefully from the jet into the sewer passage 12. Tosecure the high pressure stream, I may make the opening 23 large enoughto receive substantially all of the Water from the nozzle 29, theopening 23 being preferably tapered to preclude spreading of the streamat 23; and the jet l3 preferably would be reduced in size or otherwiseconstricted so as to insure a stream directed forcefully into the wastepipe. By so constricting the jet opening at l3, the jet supply passage23-24 -26 is rendered incapable of receiving and transmitting the entirestream of water directed thereinto through the passages 20 and 2!, sothat a certain amount of excess flushing water flows into the lowpressure rim chamber or passage 21, which latter is in fluidcommunication with the series of rim apertures I6. Thus, it will beunderstood that the rim flushing means receives an indirect low pressuresupply of water which results from inability of the jet passage totransmit fully the high pressure stream projected through the aperture29. The compartment 2'! and its continuation 28, together with theseries of apertures 56, are made sufiiciently large to preclude thebuilding up of water pressure within the rim flushing means, so that aspacious and unobstructed air intake chamber 29 may, without the dangerof overflowing, be placed in direct and complete communication with theatmosphere through the series of air intake ports 30. Thus it will beunderstood that a solid stream of water, in passing from port 20 to port23, will traverse or span the air intake chamber 29 without filling saidchamber. The air intake chamber, as best shown in Fig. 2 is quite largeand fully open to the atmosphere, and the various intake ports 30thereof are located at the back and sides of the device so as to beincapable of fouling by reason of proximity thereof to the bowl.

With further reference to the spacious air intake chamber 29, it is tobe noted that said chamber definitely is not a flushing means, becausethe passage of flushing water from port 20 through port 2! and into jetmouth and rim supply ports 23 and 3|, respectively, is as a solid streamand as such it spans the space 32 (Fig. 2) between the ports 29 and 2|.From the disclosure of Fig. 2, it should be evident that a reversal offluid flow through the fresh water intake port I 9, for any reason,results in drawing atmospheric air mainly through the spacious airintake member 29 by way of the series of large openigs 30 thereof,rather than through the small opening 2| which communicates with the jetand rim supply passages. By thus drawing the atmospheric air through thespacious, clean and unobstructed air intake chamber 29, the reverse flowof air resulting from a Vacuum in the fresh water supply line cannotpossibly agitate or carry any filth which may be standing in theVertical water in the jet supply passage and thereby con- I taminate thefresh Water supply line to the fixture and perhaps numerous branchesthereof as explained above. With the ample sized openings 30, however, asuction through the opening 2!! (Fig. 2) will effect a maximum flow ofair through the intake chamber 29, and very little, if any, flow willoccur through the comparatively small opening 2I and the ports incommunication therewith. It will be noted that except for thecomparatively small opening 2| the parts of the fixture which mightpossibly become filthy are, in effect, closed off from the air intakechamber 29 by means of the wall or partition 22.

As disclosed in Fig. 4, the series of air intake apertures 30 are partlycovered by depending fianges 33 formed on the top panel or slab 34 ofthe fixture. The flanges are spaced from the sides 35 so that anydrippings or the like from the slab will not enter the air intake ports.The lower wall 36 of each port 30, is inclined inwardly and downwardlytoward the air intake chamber. The transverse wall 31 separates the airintake chamber from the void or space 38. It may be here noted that thelarge space 39 ahead of the sewer passage also is a void, the voidsperforming no function in the operation of the device. It may bementioned also that the ports 30 are located above the wall or partition31, so that any possible slight splashing of water in the port 23 willnot find its way to the outside of the fixture.

The modification disclosed by Fig. 3 is the same as the illustration ofFigs. 1, 2 and 4, except that the fresh water supply is brought into thefixture through a nozzle 40 of metal or the like,

instead of through an opening such as of Fig. 1.

The nozzle element 4| carries a key 42 adapted to cooperate with adepression or a keyway 43 formed in the material of the fixture, and solocated as to align the nozzle 40 with the opening 2I. The element M hasa seat 44 encircled by a washer or gasket 45 which makes a cushionedconnection with the flange 46 of the fixture, the fixed relationship ofthe seat being maintained by means of a nut 41 and washer 48. It will beunderstood that the upper end 49 of the nozzle element M is adapted forattachment to a fresh water supply pipe. The remainder of the Fig. 3device is identical with the Fig. 1 disclosure.

The illustration of Figs. 5 and 6 discloses a type of flush bowldifferent from that of Figs. 1-4 inclusive, in that it is adapted to besupported by a vertical wall, instead of being supported by the fioor.Any suitable means such as a screw or the like 59 may be provided forattaching the wall-hanging fixture of Figs. 5 and 6. The characters 5|and 52 indicate, respectively, thefresh water inlet pipe and the seweroutlet pipe for the fixture. This type of fixture is known as a blowouttype, as the high pressure jet 53, functions to blow out the bowlcontent without the aid of a trap orgoose neck for supplying a siphonaction. In the modification, of

- Figs. 5 and 6, the nozzle element I4I corresponds to the element 4|.of Fig. 3, and it may be sup,-

ported by the flange I46 in any suitable manner. The apertures I 2I andI23 correspondwith the apertures 2I and 23 respectively of the Fig. 1device, and. the aperture I23 has connection with a jetsupply passageI24I25-I26, in the same relationship as disclosed in Fig. 1. From theforegoing it should be understood that flushing water under pressureenters the fixture through the pipe 5|, discharges from the nozzle I49as a solid stream which unrestrictedlypasses through the aperture I2Iand thereafter strikes the mouth of opening I23 so as to furnish a highpressure of flushing water in the passages I24, I and I29, which waterunder pressure is ejected from the jet 53 in the general direction ofthe sewer outlet 54. As in the Fig. 1 device, the solid stream of waterwhich passes through the opening I2I is too great in volume to passthrough the opening I23, so that there results a low pressure overflowof flushing water into the rim supply passage I21, which passage feedsthe series of rim flushing apertures I60.

Attention is now directed to the walls or partitions indicated at 55 ofFigs. 5 and 6. These walls determine an air intake chamber I29 intowhich a free flow of atmospheric air may be directed as indicated by thearrows 56 of Fig. 6. The air intake ports I correspond to the ports 39of Fig. 1, and they perform the same function, namely, to supply airunrestrictedly into the air intake chamber I29. The chamber I29 performsthe function of the chamber 29 in Fig. 1 device. Briefly stated, areverse flow of air through the nozzle I will tend to effect theformation of a vacuum in the chamber I29, and because of the spaciousair passages at I39, the reverse flow of air will be taken from theatmosphere outside the bowl rather than through the comparatively smallopening I2I which communicates with filthy parts of the fixture. As willbe understood the partition 51 defines the sewer passage, and a level ofwater is maintained in the bowl at approximately the height of the point58. The portion 59 of the Fig. 5 fixture may be either an integral seator a support for a seat, as de sired. The characters 60 indicate voidswhich perform no operative function.

It is to be understood that the nozzle element of the Fig. 5 device maybe made integral with the fixture as disclosed in Fig. 1, if desired,and F that the passages, I21 and I 24--I25--I26 are the low pressure andhigh pressure chambers which correspond to the chambers 2I28 and 24--252 6 of the Fig. 1 device. The Fig. 5 device may include a dome or cover6| adapted to preclude entry of foreign substances or the like into thespacious air intake chamber I29 and its associated passages I30. I I IUnder a severe test with a 30 inch vacuum at the fresh water intake, andwith the bowl clogged to abnormally raise the Water level therein, therewas found no evidence of foul water or mist from the bowl or its jetsupply passage at an inspection point in the water supply pipe. Inasmuchas a 30 inch vacuum is nearly a complete vacuum which would probablynever be encountered in actual service, it may be said that the improveddevice of this invention is insured against back-siphonage andcross-connection between the waste portion of the bowl element and, thefresh water supply line. It should be observed, that the structuresillustrated and described, herein provide for a desirable, limited andproperly proportioned flow of flushing water from the'fiushing rim sothat the jetsmay function properly with the passage 'therethrough of thenecessary quantity and pressure of water to initiate discharge of thebowl content. The spacious air intakes are always clear and unobstructeddue to the fact that the dynamic pressure of water which spans theintake chambers in passing to the jet and rim supply passages insures alow loss of pressure so that the full force and volume of the flushingwater is rendered effective for flushing the bowl without diversion ofwater into the air intake chambers.

In the foregoing description I have taught that the opening 23 of Fig.1, (or opening 123 of Fig. 5), may be made sufficiently large to receivesquarely and fully the high pressure stream of flushing water ejectedfrom the nozzle of the fresh water inlet chamber, in which case the jetopening of the waste pipe is reduced to cause a high pressure jetstream, and also a low-pressure overflow at 23 (or I23) for the flushingrim. However, I wish it to be understood that the present invention isto embrace also a construction wherein the low pressure supply offlushing water for the rim is secured by limiting or sufficientlyreducing the cross-sectional area of the opening 23 (or I23), to at oncedivert into the rim flushing passage a portion of the stream from 20,regardless of the size of the jet opening l3, (or 53). In fact, anyother suitable means may be employed for obtaining the high pressure jetdischarge and the low pressure rim supply, cooperating with means toeliminate back-siphonage and cross-communication between the fresh watersupply and the bowl or sewer passages, so long as such other means isembraced in the language of the claims. It is to be understood thatvarious other modifications and changes in the structural details of thedevice may be made, within the scope of the appended claims, withoutdeparting from the spirit of the invention.

It is to be understood that there are two separate and distinct problemspresented and both of which are solved by the disclosures herein. Theone problem, universally presented by all types of flush bowls havingdirect connection with a water supply line, is avoidance of any and allback siphonage when the conditions in the flush bowl are normal. Bynormal conditions in the flush bowl is meant that the connection to thesewer is unobstructed and that the bowl contains the normal charge orsupply of water, determined by the normal overflow level established bythe waste passage, for example the surface 58 in Fig. 5 or the upperportion of partition l8 in Fig. 1. The normal charge of water may bepolluted by reason of any number of circumstances, so that it would bepossible, due to decrease in pressure in the fresh water supply line,for some of such polluted charge to be drawn into the fresh water supplyline. This is a common condition that should be guarded against. Testshave demonstrated that practically every type of jet siphon flush bowl,that preceded the invention disclosed herein and in applicants copendingapplications, is subject to back siphonage of fluid or mist from the jetchamber, or passages, when the water level is normal as explainedherein, provided a high vacuum is maintained for several seconds andprovided that the freshwater nozzle or discharge port is large enough torarify the air in the chamher about the fresh water nozzle, to a highdegree. This occurs because of the tortuous and restricted passages thatare provided in such prior devices for assuring proper flows of flushingwater to the flushing rim and other parts of such devices, and

yet providing an adequate flow of water to the jet for initiatingsiphonic action for evacuating the bowl contents to and through thesewer connection.

The second problem, which incidentally is comparatively rare, isconcerned with situations wherein an obstruction in the sewerconnection, for example as shown at 9 in Douglas Patent 1,804,213,causes the level of the contents of the flush bowl to rise above thenormal level, so the polluted fluid either overflows the rim oroverflows the relief ports such as are indicated at l 2 in said Douglaspatent, or as indicated at l5 in the drawings of the instant disclosure.Under such conditions, a much less rarification or vacuum of lesserdegree will, in ordinary type flush bowls, be adequate for eiTectingback siphonage of polluted substance into the water supply line.

The structures disclosed herein protect the water supply pipe or linefrom possible contamination under either or both of the relatedconditions.

By reference to Figs. 1 and 2, and in view of the foregoing explanationof the structure there shown, it is obvious that in the event of anyopening of the water supply pipe, or the creation of a vacuum in suchpipe, the structure shown herein effects what may properly be termedthree separate and distinct stages of vacuum or reduced air pressure, inadvance of the port 23, and in advance of the water in the siphon jetpassage 2426, whereby to guard against any and all back siphonage. Bythree stage vacuum condition is meant that upon creation of a vacuum inthe water supply pipe, the highest degree or state of vacuum is createdin the compartment H! or within spud nozzle 4| (Fig. 3). A second stagevacuum of much lower degree is created in the air intake chamber 29. Athird stage vacuum, might be created in the passage or chamber 21. Itshould be obvious that the vacuum that might be created in the chamber21 must be of comparatively high degree, in order for any of thecontents of the siphon jet passage 24-26, to be drawn back through port23. The disclosure herein therefore shows multiple air relief chambersdisposed between the water supply outlet into the fixture and the waterentrance port into the siphon jet passage 2426.

What is claimed is:

1. A flush bowl structure comprising in combination a bowl elementincluding a waste discharge outlet in communication therewith, aflushing rim, and a normally submerged jet located to directflushing-water upwardly into the waste discharge outlet, a passage forconveying flushing water to the jet, a flush-water inlet having a smallnozzle for high-pressure ejection of a solid stream directly. into thejet passage whereby to produce a high-pressure jet stream in the wastedischarge outlet, a portion of the jet passage being constricted toconvey only part of the highpressure stream, and a flushing rim supplypassage for receiving the low-pressure overflow from the jet passage andfor delivering said overflow to the interior of the bowl element tocleanse the side walls thereof.

2. A flush bowl structure comprising in combination a bowl elementincluding a waste discharge outlet in communication therewith, aflushing rim, and a jet located to direct flushingwater into the wastedischarge outlet, a passage for conveying flushing-water to the jet, aflushwater inlet having a small nozzle for high-pressure ejection of asolid stream directly into the jet passage whereby to produce ahigh-pressure jet stream in the waste discharge outlet, a portion ofthejet passage being constricted to convey only part of thehigh-pressure stream, a flushing rim supply passage for receiving thelow-pressure overflow from the jet passage and for delivering saidoverflow to the interior of the bowl element to cleanse the side wallsthereof and a spacious fresh air intake chamber communicating freelywith the atmosphere at a location remote from the bowl element, saidchamber having a portion thereof disposed intermediate the nozzle andthe jet passage so as to be spanned by the high-pressure water stream asit leaves the nozzle and enters the jet passage.

3. A flush bowl structure comprising in combination a bowl elementincluding a waste dis charge outlet in communication therewith, aflushing rim, and a jet located to direct flushing-water into the wastedischarge outlet, a passage for conveying flushing-water to the jet, aflush-water inlet having a small nozzle for highpressure ejection of asolid stream directly into the jet passage whereby to produce ahigh-pressure jet stream in the waste discharge outlet, a portion of thejet passage being constricted to convey only part of the high-pressurestream, a flushing rim supply passage for receiving the lowpressureoverflow from the jet passage and for delivering said overflow to theinterior of the bowl element to cleanse the side walls thereof and aspacious fresh air intake chamber communicating freely with theatmosphere at a location remote from the bowl element, said chamberhaving a portion thereof disposed intermediate the nozzle and the jetpassage so as to be spanned by the high-pressure water stream as itleaves the nozzle and enters the jet passage, and. a partition betweenthe nozzle and the jet passage, said partition having a slightlyenlarged aperture aligned with the nozzle and the jet passage to allowunrestrained transmission of the high-pressure stream while at the sametime substantially isolating the fresh air intake chamber from the rimsupply passage.

4. A flush bowl structure comprising in combination a bowl elementincluding a waste discharge outlet passage in communication therewith, aflushing rim, a jet located to direct a quantity of flushing water underpressure into the waste discharge outlet passage substantially axiallyof the passage, a passage having one terminus at the jet and a secondterminus developed into a mouth through which the passage and jet arefed with flushing water under pressure, a flushing rim supply passagefor supplying flushing water to the rim whence the flushing-water isdirected into the bowl element to cleanse the walls thereof, the mouthformed by said second terminus of the jet feeding passage being disposedwithin, the rim supply passage, a spacious fresh air intake chambercommunicating freely with the atmosphere, a fiushing-water inlet havinga nozzle for high pressure ejection of a solid stream directly into themouth of the jet supply passage, the said mouth and nozzle being spacedapart in substantial axial alignment, a dividing wall between mouth andnozzle separating the fresh air intake chamber from the rim supplypassage, said well haidng an aperture therein sufficiently large only toallow for uninterrupted passage of the high-pressure water stream fromthe nozzle to the mouth of the jet supply passage, said passage beingconstricted in size to cause a low-pressure diversion of part of theflushing-Water about said mouth and into the rim supply passage.

5. A flush bowl structure comprising in combination a bowl elementincluding a waste discharge outlet passage in communication therewith, aflushing rim, a jet located to direct a quantity of flushing water underpressure into the waste discharge outlet passage substantially axiallyof the passage, a passage having one terminus at the jet and a secondterminus developed into a mouth through which the passage and jet arefed with. flushing-water under pressure, a flushing rim supply passagefor supplying fiushing-water to the rim whence the flushing-water isdirected into the bowl element to cleanse the walls thereof, the mouthformed by said second terminus of the jet feeding passage being disposedwithin the rim supply passage, a spacious fresh air intake chambercommunicating freely with the atmosphere, a flushing-water inlet havinga nozzle for high pressure ejection of a solid stream directly into themouth of the jet supply passage, the said mouth and nozzle being spacedapart in substantial axial alignment, a dividing wall between the mouthand nozzle separating the fresh air intake chamber from the rim supplypassage, said wall having an aperture therein sufliciently large only toallow for uninterrupted passage of the high pressure water stream fromthe nozzle to the mouth of the jet supply passage, said passage beingconstricted in size to cause a low pressure diversion of part of theflushing water about said mouth and into the rim supply passage, andmeans associated with the bowl element for precluding the bowl contentfrom reaching the level of the flushing rim.

6. A flush bowl structure comprising in combination a bowl elementincluding a waste discharge outlet in communication therewith, aflushing rim, and a jet located to direct flushingwater into the wastedischarge outlet, a passage for conveying flushing-water to the jet, aflushwater inlet having a small nozzle for highpressure ejection of asolid stream directly into the jet passage whereby to produce ahigh-pressure jet stream in the waste discharge outlet, a portion of thejet passage being constricted to convey only part of the high-pressurestream, and a flushing rim supply passage for receiving the low-pressureoverflow from the jet passage and for delivering said overflow to theinterior of the bowl element to cleanse the side walls thereof, andmeans for precluding the contents of the bowl element from reaching thelevel of the flushing rim.

7. A flush bowl structure comprising in combination a bowl elementincluding a waste discharge outlet in communication therewith, aflushing rim, and" a jet located to direct flushingwater into the wastedischarge outlet, a passage for conveying flushing-water to the jet, aflushwater inlet having a small nozzle for high pressure ejection of asolid stream directly into the jet passage whereby to produce ahigh-pressure jet stream in the waste discharge outlet, a portion of thejet passage being constricted to convey only part of the high-pressurestream, a flushing rim supply passage for receiving the low-pressureoverflow from the jet passage and for delivering said overflow to theinterior of the bowl element to cleanse the side walls thereof and aspacious fresh air intake chamber communicating freely with theatmosphere at a location remote from the bowl element, said chamberhaving a portion thereof disposed intermediate the nozzle and the jetpassage soas to be spanned by the high-pressure water stream as itleaves the nozzle and enters the jet passage, and means for precludingthe level of contents of the bowl element from reaching the level of theflushing rim.

8. A flush bowl structure comprising in combination a bowl elementincluding a waste discharge outlet in communication therewith, aflushing rim, and a jet located to direct flushing-water into the wastedischarge outlet, a passage for conveying flushing-water to the jet, aflush-water inlet having a small nozzle for highpressure ejection of asolid stream directly into the jet passage whereby to produce ahigh-pressure jet stream in the waste discharge outlet, a portion of thejet passage being constricted to convey only part of the high-pressurestream, a flushing rim supply passage for receiving the lowpressureoverflow from the jet passage and for delivering said overflow to theinterior of the bowl element to cleanse the side walls thereof and aspacious fresh air intake chamber communicating freely with theatmosphere at a location remote from the bowl element, said chamberhaving a portion thereof disposed intermediate the nozzle and the jetpassage so as to be spanned by the high-pressure water stream as itleaves the nozzle and enters the jet passage, and a partition betweenthe nozzle and the jet passage, said partition having a slightlyenlarged aperture aligned with the nozzle and the jet passage to allowunrestrained transmission of the high-pressure stream while at the sametime substantially isolating the fresh air intake chamber from the rimsupply passage, and means for precluding the level of bowl elementcontent from exceeding a predetermined level below the flushing rim.

9. A flush bowl structure comprising in combination a bowl elementincluding a waste discharge outlet passage in communication therewith,an apertured flushing rim, and a high pressure jet located to direct astream of flushing water into the waste discharge outlet passagesubstantially axially of said outlet passage, a passage for conveyingflushing-water to the jet, a flush water inlet, a detachable nozzleelement having a flush-water outlet considerably smaller than theflush-water inlet whereby to cause forceful ejection of a solid streamtherefrom, cooperative means on the nozzle element and. bowl structureto maintain a substantially axial alignment of the nozzle outlet withthe mouth of the jet supply passage so as to enforce a high-pressurestream of water in said passage, a portion of the jet supply passagebeing constricted to reject part of said stream, and means for conveyingthe rejected portion of the stream to the bowl element by way of theapertured flushing rim.

10. A flush bowl structure comprising in combination a bowl elementincluding a waste discharge outlet passage in communication therewith,an apertured flushing rim, and a high-pressure jet located to direct astream of flushingwater into the waste discharge outlet passagesubstantially axially of said outlet passage, a passage for conveyingflushing-water to the jet, a flush-water inlet, a detachable nozzleelement having a flush-water outlet considerably smaller than and spacedfrom the flush-water inlet whereby to cause forceful ejection of a solidstream therefrom, cooperative means on the nozzle element and bowlstructure to maintain a substantially axial alignment of the nozzleoutlet with the mouth of the jet supply passage so as to enforce a highpressure stream of water in said passage, a portion of the jet supplypassage being constricted to reject part of said stream, and means forconveying the rejected portion of the stream to the bowl element by wayof the apertures of the flushing rim, and means for precluding the levelof bowl element content from exceeding a predetermined level below theflushing rim.

11. A flush bowl structure comprising in combination a bowl elementincluding a waste discharge outlet in communication therewith, an

apertured flushing rim, and a jet located to direct sure stream, aflushing rim supply passage for receiving the low-pressure overflow fromthe jet passage and for delivering said overflow to the apertures of theflushing rim, a spacious fresh air intake chamber communicating freelywith the atmosphere at a location remote from the bowl element, saidchamber having a portion thereof disposed intermediate the nozzle andthe jet passage so as to be spanned by the high-pressure water stream asthe stream leaves the nozzle and enters the jet passage, and a partitionbetween the nozzle and the jet passage, said partition having a slightlyenlarged aperture aligned with the nozzle and the jet passage to allowunrestrained transmission of the high-pressure stream while at the sametime substantially isolating r the fresh air intake chamber from theinterior of the bowl structure.

12. In a vacuum breaker comprising in combination a fixture, a pluralityof ports in axial alignment, the latter ports constituting flushingmeans for the said fixture, venting means positioned above highestattainable water level within said fixture, and having communicationwith said ports, the said fixture having means for slmultaneouslyproviding a primary and a secondary flush, the lower port having alesser area than the upper port whereby such simultaneous primary andsecondary flush is obtained.

DANIEL W. McNEIL.

